Wednesday, December 21, 2011
WATER LEVEL INDICATOR
Posted by Anonymous at 8:00 PM
0 Comments
Circuit diagram:
Parts:
Top of Form
Bottom of Form
R1,R2,R10-R12___15K 1/4W Resistors
R3,R4____________1K 1/4W Resistors
R5_____________100R 1/4W Resistor
R6______________47K 1/4W Resistor
R7,R8,R13________3K3 1/4W Resistors
R9,R14,R15_______2K7 1/4W Resistors
C1_____________470nF 63V Polyester or Ceramic Capacitor
D1_______________3mm Green LED
D2_______________3mm Yellow LED
D3_______________3mm Red LED
Q1_____________BC547 45V 100mA NPN Transistor
IC1_____________4012 Dual 4 input NAND gate IC
IC2____________LM393 Dual Comparator IC
J1,J2____________Two ways output
sockets
P1______________SPST pushbutton
B1________________9V PP3 Battery
Clip for PP3 Battery
Two steel rods of appropriate
length
Comments:
The whole project
was developed on a friend's request. Its purpose was to remotely monitor the
water-level in a metal tank located in the attic by means of a very simple
control unit placed in the kitchen, some floors below.
Mains requirements
were:
No separate supply
for the remote circuit
Main and remote
units connected by a thin two-wire cable
Simple LED display
for the main unit
Battery operation
to avoid problems related to mains supply and water proximity
As the circuit was
battery operated a low current consumption was obviously welcomed
The very small
remote unit is placed near the tank and measures the water level in three
ranges by means of two steel rods. Each range will cover one third of the tank
capacity:
Almost empty -
signaled by means of a red LED (D3) in the control unit display
About half-level -
signaled by means of a yellow LED (D2) in the control unit display
Almost full -
signaled by means of a green LED (D1) in the control unit display
Circuit operation:
When the water-level
is below the steel rods, no contact is occurring from the metal can and the
rods, which are supported by a small insulated (wooden) board. The small
circuit built around IC1 draws no current and therefore no voltage drop is
generated across R5. IC2A, IC2B and Q1 are wired as a window comparator and, as
there is zero voltage at input pins #2 and #5, D3 will illuminate.
When the water
comes in contact with the first rod, pin #13 of IC1 will go high, as its input
pins #9 to #12 were shorted to negative by means of the water contact.
Therefore, R4 will be connected across the full supply voltage and the remote
circuit will draw a current of about 9mA. This current will cause a voltage
drop of about 0.9V across R5 and the window comparator will detect this voltage
and will change its state, switching off D3 and illuminating D2.
When the water will
reach the second rod, also pin #1 of IC1 will go high for the same reason
explained above. Now either R3 and R4 will be connected across the full supply
voltage and the total current drawing of the remote circuit will be about 18mA.
The voltage drop across R5 will be now about 1.8V and the window comparator
will switch off D2 and will drive D1.
The battery will
last very long because the circuit will be mostly in the off state. Current is
needed only for a few seconds when P1 is pushed to check the water-level and
one of the LEDs illuminates.
Notes:
The two steel rods
must be supported by a small insulated (wooden) board
IC1 and R1-R4 are
mounted on a small board placed near or on the steel rods support
The two-wire cable
connecting the remote circuit board to the main control board, i.e. J1 to J2,
can be of any size and type (preferably thin for obvious reasons). It can be
very long, if necessary.
The circuit can be
used also with non-metal tanks, provided a third steel rod having the height of
the tank will be added and connected to pin #7 of IC1, R3, R4 and J1.
The 4012 chip was
chosen because it contains two gates and was at hand, but you can use two of
the gates contained into 4001, 4011, 4093, 4049, 4069 etc. chips, provided all
inputs of each gate are tied together and all inputs of unused gates are
connected to the positive rail, leaving output pins open.
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