TELEGRAM

Wednesday, November 2, 2011

Posted by Unknown at 10:04 PM 0 Comments

Automatic Railway Gate Control & Track Switching( LATEST)

Present project is designed using 8051 microcontroller to avoid railway accidents happening at unattended railway gates, if implemented in spirit. This project utilizes two powerful IR transmitters and two receivers; one pair of transmitter and receiver is fixed at up side (from where the train comes) at a level higher than a human being in exact alignment and similarly the other pair is fixed at down side of the train direction. Sensor activation time is so adjusted by calculating the time taken at a certain speed to cross at least one compartment of standard minimum size of the Indian railway. We have considered 5 seconds for this project. Sensors are fixed at 1km on both sides of the gate. We call the sensor along the train direction as ‘foreside sensor’ and the other as ‘aft side sensor’. When foreside receiver gets activated, the gate motor is turned on in one direction and the gate is closed and stays closed until the train crosses the gate and reaches aft side sensors. When aft side receiver gets activated motor turns in opposite direction and gate opens and motor stops. Buzzer will immediately sound at the fore side receiver activation and gate will close after 5 seconds, so giving time to drivers to clear gate area in order to avoid trapping between the gates and stop sound after the train has crossed.


The same principle is applied for track switching. Considering a situation wherein an express train and a local train are traveling in opposite directions on the same track; the express train is allowed to travel on the same track and the local train has to switch on to the other track. Two sensors are placed at the either sides of the junction where the track switches. If there’s a train approaching from the other side, then another sensor placed along that direction gets activated and will send an interrupt to the controller. The interrupt service routine switches the track. Indicator lights have been provided to avoid collisions. Here the switching operation is performed using a stepper motor. Assuming that within a certain delay, the train has passed the track is switched back to its original position, allowing the first train to pass without any interruption. This concept of track switching can be applied at 1km distance from the stations.


The project is simple to implement and subject to further improvement.

Model of Automatic Railway Gate Control & Track Switching




Gate Control:

Railways being the cheapest mode of transportation are preferred over all the other means .When we go through the daily newspapers we come across many railway accidents occurring at unmanned railway crossings. This is mainly due to the carelessness in manual operations or lack of workers. We, in this project has come up with a solution for the same. Using simple electronic components we have tried to automate the control of railway gates. As a train approaches the railway crossing from either side, the sensors placed at a certain distance from the gate detects the approaching train and accordingly controls the operation of the gate. Also an indicator light has been provided to alert the motorists about the approaching train.





Gate control

Hardware Description

The project consists of four main parts:
8051 microcontroller
IR Transmitter
IR Receiver
Stepper Motor Circuit

8051 Microcontroller

The I/O ports of the 8051 are expanded by connecting it to an 8255 chip. The 8255 is programmed as a simple I/O port for connection with devices such as LEDs, stepper motors and sensors. More details of the 8255 are given later.
The following block diagram shows the various devices connected to the different ports of an 8255. The ports are each 8-bit and are named A, B and C. The individual ports of the 8255 can be programmed to be input or output, and can be changed dynamically. The control register is programmed in simple I/O mode with port A, port B and port C (upper) as output ports and port C (lower) as an input port.


Block diagram of 8051 Microcontroller

IR Circuits

This circuit has two stages: a transmitter unit and a receiver unit. The transmitter unit consists of an infrared LED and its associated circuitry.

IR Transitter

The transmitter circuit consists of the following components:
IC 555
Resistors
Capacitors
IR LED

The IR LED emitting infrared light is put on in the transmitting unit. To generate IR signal, 555 IC based astable multivibrator is used. Infrared LED is driven through transistor BC 548.

IC 555 is used to construct an astable multivibrator which has two quasi-stable states. It generates a square wave of frequency 38kHz and amplitude 5Volts. It is required to switch ‘ON’ the IR LED.

IR Transmitter

IR Receiver

The receiver circuit consists of the following components:
TSOP1738 (sensor)
IC 555
Resistors
Capacitors

The receiver unit consists of a sensor and its associated circuitry. In receiver section, the first part is a sensor, which detects IR pulses transmitted by IR-LED. Whenever a train crosses the sensor, the output of IR sensor momentarily transits through a low state. As a result the monostable is triggered and a short pulse is applied to the port pin of the 8051 microcontroller. On receiving a pulse from the sensor circuit, the controller activates the circuitry required for closing and opening of the gates and for track switching. The IR receiver circuit is shown in the figure below.

IR Receiver

Stepper motor circuit

Stepper motor circuit

Here a stepper motor is used for controlling the gates. A stepper motor is a widely used device that translates electrical pulses into mechanical movement. They function as their name suggests - they “step” a little bit at a time. Steppers don’t simply respond to a clock signal. They have several windings which need to be energized in the correct sequence before the motor’s shaft will rotate. Reversing the order of the sequence will cause the motor to rotate the other way.

Track Switching

Using the same principle as that for gate control, we have developed a concept of automatic track switching. Considering a situation wherein an express train and a local train are travelling in opposite directions on the same track; the express train is allowed to travel on the same track and the local train has to switch on to the other track. Indicator lights have been provided to avoid collisions .Here the switching operation is performed using a stepper motor. In practical purposes this can be achieved using electromagnets.


ELECTRONICS MINI PROJECT IDEAS

ALL THE BEST GUYS........
Tags:

Share This Post

Get Updates

Subscribe to our Mailing List. We'll never share your Email address.

0 comments:

THANKS FOR UR COMMENT ....

Categories

Labels

AERONAUTICAL AEROSPACE AGRICULTURE ANDROID Android project titles Animation projects Artificial Intelligence AUTOMOBILE BANK JOBS BANK RECRUITMENTS BIG DATA PROJECT TITLES Bio instrumentation Project titles BIO signal Project titles BIO-TECHNOLOGY BIOINFORMATICS BIOMEDICAL Biometrics projects CAREER CAT 2014 Questions CHEMICAL CIVIL Civil projects cloud computing COMP- PROJ-DOWN COMPUTER SCIENCE PROJECT DOWNLOADS COMPUTER(CSE) CONFERENCE Data mining Projects Data protection. Design projects DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING IEEE Project titles Dot net projects EBOOKS ELECTRICAL MINI PROJECTS ELECTRICAL PROJECTS DOWNLOADS ELECTRONICS MINI PROJECTS ELECTRONICS PROJECT DOWNLOADS EMG PROJECTS employment Engineering projects Exams Facts final year projects FOOD TECHNOLOGY FREE IEEE 2014 project Free IEEE Paper FREE IEEE PROJECTS GATE GAte scorecard GOVT JOBS Green projects GSM BASED Guest authors HIGHWAY IEEE 2014 projects ieee 2015 projects IEEE computer science projects IEEE Paper IEEE PAPER 2015 ieee project titles IEEE projects IEEE Transactions INDUSTRIAL INNOVATIVE PROJECTS INTERFACING IT IT LIST Java projects labview projects LATEST TECHNOLOGY list of project centers Low cost projects m.com MARINE Matlab codes MATLAB PROJECT TITLES MATLAB PROJECTS MBA MBA 2015 projects MCA MECHANICAL MECHANICAL PROJECTS DOWNLOAD MINI PROJECTS modelling projects MP3 MP3 cutter Mp4 Networking topics ns2 projects online jobs PETROCHEMICAL PHYSIOLOGICAL MODELLING projects physiotheraphy Projects Power electronics power system projects PRODUCTION project centers project downloads Prosthesis projects RAILWAY RECRUITMENT 2012 Recent RECENT TECHNOLOGY RECENT TECHNOLOGY LIST RECRUITMENT Rehabilitation projects renewable power respiration projects RESUME FORMAT. Ring Tone Cutter Robotics projects. Robots in medical social network jobs Solar projects Songs Cutter Speech-music separation-Abstract structural engineering TECHNOLOGY technology management TELE COMMUNICATION Telegram project TEXTILE TOP ENGINEERING COLLEGES Training VLSI

Disclaimer

This blogs is an effort to club the scattered information about engineering and project titles and ideas available in the web. While every effort is made to ensure the accuracy of the information on this site, no liability is accepted for any consequences of using it. Most of the material and information are taken from other blogs and site with the help of search engines. If any posts here are hitting the copyrights of any publishers, kindly mail the details to educations360@gmail.com It will be removed immediately.

Alexa Rank

back to top