Sugar cane trash processing for heat and power production

Abstract:

The paper summarizes an investigzation into methods for treating sugar cane trash in preparation for combustion in a spreader stoker boiler designed for bagasse and supplementary fuel oil. Due to the herbaceaous nature of sugar cane trash, water leaching was proposed and investigated as a means of reducing the slagging and fouling potential of the raw fuel.

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Highway Linear Collision Prevention in Automobiles

Abstract:
The main objective of this project is to avoid collisions between vehicles which results in losses in massive proportions to life and economy. We will be specifically dealing with accidents caused when a multitude of vehicles travelling in a linear manner collide

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Fuzzy Controlled Anti-Lock Braking System

This thesis describes an intelligent approach to control an Antilock Braking System (ABS) employing a fuzzy controller.  Stopping a car in a hurry on a slippery road can be very challenging. Anti-lock braking systems (ABS) take a lot of the challenge out of this sometimes nerve-wracking event. 

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latest list of 101 Mechanical Projects

Projects are based on Automation and Mechatronics

1. Fabrication of Remote operated weapon System
2. Automatic double axis Pneumatic JCB
3. Automatic Car Parking System for apartment Building
4. PLC based automatic Multi-machine Lubrication System
5. Electronic Fuel Injection (EFI) system for Two wheeler
6. Cell phone controlled pick and place robot
7. Automatic boring mechanism using foundries
8. SMS based automatic pneumatic Punching and riveting machine
9. Fabrication of Automatic grease Gun
10. Video Analyzing remote controlled vacuum Cleaner
11. SMS based automatic vehicle accident information system
12. Automatic Differential unit Locking System for four wheeler
13. Automatic Distance Measurement and Braking System By using Ultrasonic Waves
14. SMS based Bomb detecting robot
15. Fabrication of Automatic Shot blasting machine
16. Automatic wind mill blade pitch controlling system
17. Automatic Vegetable (or) Lemon Cutting machine
18. Fabrication of Automatic Vehicle Over speed controlling system for School Zone
19. Remote controlled air craft (Flying Model)
20. GPS based vehicle root tracking system
21. Fabrication of Microcontroller Based Self centering Four-jaw Chuck
22. Fabrication of Automatic temperature controller with cooling system
23. Remote controlled material handling motorized crane
24. GPS based blind people path announcement system
25. Button operated electro-magnetic gear shifting system for two wheeler
26. Automatic sensor based wall painting robot
27. Auto Indexing gear cutting attachment for pneumatic shaping Machine
28. Automatic accident avoiding system for machines
29. GSM Based two wheeler security system
30. Electronic assisted hydraulic braking system
31. Two Wheeler Automation with security System
32. SMS based automatic pneumatic punching machine
33. Automatic hand break release
34. Fabrication of Queries controlling system for two wheeler
35. Automatic Pneumatic Grinding Machine
36. Fabrication of Unaided Guided Vehicle (UGV)
37. Automatic Power Saving Conveyor for Industrial Application
38. Automatic Visitor Guided with Material Handling Vehicle
39. Automatic Break Failure and Engine Over Heating Indication
40. Sensor Based Material loading/unloading system for different section
41. Automatic rotating table with sequence operating machine
42. SMS based Automatic two wheeler locking system
43. Digital locking (Fuel, ignition, side lock) system (Password) for Two wheeler
44. Over speed indication and Automatic accident Avoiding System for four wheeler
45. Fabrication of sub marine (Model)
46. Auto head-lamp Alignment system for automobile
47. Railways accident Avoiding System – (Level crossing and Fire Alarm)
48. Fabrication of Automatic Magnetic Accident preventer for Train
49. SMS based automatic drilling machine
50. Car or Bus reverse Operation Navigation System by using IR Rays
51. Fabrication of Solar automatic cell phone charger with pay system
52. Fabrication of Automatic car overtaking system
53. CNC Pick and place sequence operated Robot
54. Remote controlled boiler flame on/off with flame adjustment system
55. Material Dimensions Analyzing Robot
56. CNC pneumatic Auto feed punching Machine
57. PC based Automatic sheet cutting Machine
58. Sensor Based Inspection Conveyor
59. Remote controlled Video Analyzing pick and place Robot
60. Cell Phone Controlled Video Analysing Robot
61. Automatic Vehicle Accident Information System
62. Automatic Dam shutter controlling system
63. Automatic Paint Spaying Equipment
64. Remote controlled Bomb detecting robot
65. Fabrication of Intelligent Braking System (IBS)
66. Fabrication of Emergency Braking System (EBS)
67. Fabrication of Anti-lock Braking System (ABS)
68. Fabrication of Automatic Electro hydraulic Jack
69. Automatic Pneumatic stand for two wheeler
70. Automatic Bottle Washing Machine
71. SMS controlled pick and place robot
72. Aero plane Controlling System (Flying Model)
73. Automatic drunken drive avoiding system for automobile
74. Intelligent active Suspension system for two wheeler
75. Automatic Packing control Machine for Industrial Application
76. Automatic Double Axis Welding Machine
77. Automatic Pneumatic Paper cup folding Machine
78. Automatic Wheel chair cum bed
79. Automatic Sky Car parking System
80. Automatic Pneumatic Reciprocating Water Pumping System
81. SMS controlled Material handling robot
82. Remote controlled Vacuum Cleaning Robot
83. Automatic Scrap Collecting Vehicle
84. Automatic Fire fighting cum material handling vehicle
85. Sensor Based Automatic paint marking machine for sprocket Industries
86. Automatic railway track crack detecting Vehicle
87. Remote controlled tilting Wheel chair
88. Automatic Three axis hydraulic modern Trailer
89. SMS based Pick and place Robot
90. Automatic Spring End Grinding Machine
91. Automatic Pneumatic vice and jack
92. Fabrication of Automatic typical Pipe Cutting Machine
93. SMS controlled automatic pneumatic ramming machine
94. Fabrication of Automatic cold chamber Die Casting Machine
95. Design & Fabrication of Conveyor Automation
96. Automatic Car Parking System for apartment Building
97. Intelligent active Suspension system for two wheeler
98. Automatic Packing control Machine for Industrial Application
99. Automatic Double Axis Welding Machine
100. Automatic Pneumatic Paper cup folding Machine
101. Automatic Pneumatic Reciprocating Water Pumping System

Latest Mechanical Engineering Projects List(phD)

Below is the List of Mechanical PhD projects

• Single Molecule Detection using Micro and Nano Systems
• BioMEMS for Cell Studies
• Nanocomposite material and coating design for micro-sensor and microacturator applications
• New Materials and Processes for Micro- and Nano-Devices
• Microdeivces based on shape memory alloys and polymers for biological applications
• Microfluidic lab-on-chip device based on acoustic wave technology
• Carbon Dioxide Storage
• Statistical process control of thermal spray coatings using acoustic emission
• Compressor fault detection and management
• Investigation of lubrication and wear in engines using acoustic emission
• Photovoltaics and Solar Energy: Renewable-energy Powered Desalination Systems
• Optimisation of Low Concentrating Line-axis Dielectric Photovoltaic Concentrator
• Heat transfer in magnetic liquids
• Oscillating vapour bubbles and heat transfer
• Design of a 5-axis micromachining centre
• Physics-based modelling for analysis and diagnostics

ELECTRONICS AUDIO PROJECTS

AUDIO PROJECTS IN ELECTRONICS

• 10W Mini Audio Amplifier
• Speech Recorder
• Digital Volume Control
• FET Audio Mixer
• Sound Level Meter
• Amplifier of acoustic frequencies with preamplifier
• Motorola Hi-Fi power amplifier
• 2N3055 Power Amplifier
• 5,000W ultra-light, high-power amplifier, without switching-mode power supply
• Tiny audio amplifier using LM386
• Stereo tape head preamplifier using LA3161
• 20W Bridge Audio Amplifier
• 20W Audio Amplifier using LM1875
• Active Bass & Tremble Controller
• Three Channel Audio Mixer
• Infrared cordless Headphone Amplifier
• 200W Audio Amplifier
• 5-Band Graphic Equalizer
• 600W Audio Amplifier
• Portable Audio Amplifiers
• Universal Preamplifier
• Cheap Audio Booster
• RIAA Corrector

RIAA Corrector

RIAA Corrector
author: Gabor Toth - tothgszeyahoo.co.uk

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Description

To listen old vinyl LP's in a correct sounding on a sassy with dynamic cartridge you need a circuit, named RIAA corrector. This circuit you can find in old amps, but it isn't embedded in home cinema equipments or amplifiers can be obtained nowadays. Also, if you want to archive your vinyl LP's in your computer it is necessary to use this RIAA corrector. It is good, if this corrector has a little built-in amplifier to drive small control speakers, or earphones. Schematic of circuit  built for this express purpose can be found hier. It has two parts, corrector and amplifier part.

The corrector part contains NE5532 integrated circuit with extreme small noise. Resistors are 1% metal film 0,6W types, condenser's of this corrector section must be 5% or better, 63 - 100 V types. Corrector section has direct output to external amp or computer. Amplifier section contains integrated amp IC LM1877. It deliver to speakers 2W/channel output power with very low distortion. Potentiometer P1 is for control the output power of the amp section.

The whole circuit works from external 12-16 V DC supply. Schematic, photos and PCB layout of the circuitry can be found attached. Short mathematics description of RIAA curve and basics of LP's production also can be found in attached document.

Schematic

Download Schematic in PDF format

Parts List

Component	Type			pcs
Resistor	1% MF0207	27 ohm	0,6W	2
Resistor	1% MF0207	1,1 K	0,6W	2
Resistor	1% MF0207	10K	0,6W	2
Resistor	1% MF0207	22K	0,6W	2
Resistor	1% MF0207	33K	0,6W	1
Resistor	1% MF0207	47K	0,6W	2
Resistor	1% MF0207	100K	0,6W	4
Resistor	1% MF0207	1M	0,6W	6
Potentiometer	2 x 50K Log			1
Condenser	5% MKT RM2	1,5 nF	63V	4
Condenser	5% MKT RM2	3,3nF	63V	2
Condenser	10% MKT RM2	100nF	63V	4
Condenser	10% MKT RM2	220nF	63V	2
Condenser	10% MKT RM2	470nF	63V	2
ELKO	5x11 mm RM1	1uF	50V	2
ELKO	4x7 mm RM1	10uF	35V	4
ELKO	5x11 mm RM1	33uF	35V	2
ELKO	6x11 mm RM1	100uF	25V	1
ELKO	10x20 mm RM2	1000uF	25V	1
ELKO	10x30 mm RM2	2200uF	16V	2
IC	LM1877N-9			1
IC	NE5532			1
ZENER	BZX55C9V1	9,1V	0,5W	1
RCA PCB connector, single, red (right channel)				2
RCA PCB connector, single, white (left channel)				2
PCB power connector 5x2,5 mm				1
PCB jack type stereo phone connector				1
External power supply 12V/5W min				1

PCB

Download Layout in PDF format




Download PCB in PDF format or in Protel format

RIAA Curve

LP's are engraved with reduced bass levels and increased treble levels.

For the same sound level, a low frequency requires a larger groove which gives two drawbacks:

- Less recording time
- Difficulties for the cartridge to follow it and thus, higher distortion

At the other end of the spectrum, the contact between the stylus and the groove makes noise, a high frequency noise. By increasing the high frequencies level during recording we can obtain a better signal/noise ratio as the noise is reduced by the playback curve.

Several other curves did exist before the RIAA but it replaced them completely during the 60'.

Here is the formula to obtain the original RIAA curve:


Where:

N=level in dB
f=frequency
t1=treble time constant, 75uS
t2=medium time constant, 318uS
t3=bass time constant, 3180uS

In 76', IEC introduced a modification of this curve by introducing a new time constant that modifies only the extreme bass. It is known as the RIAA/IEC curve.
This correction has never obtained a big success, the original RIAA curve is still the most widely used.
For information, here is the formula:

Where: t4=extreme bass time constant, 7950uS

The RIAA reproduction curve:

Hz	RIAA	IEC
20	19.36	16.35
22	19.24	16.62
25	19.04	16.89
28	18.83	17.04
31	18.61	17.09
35	18.29	17.06
39	17.96	16.95
44	17.54	16.73
49	17.12	16.45
55	16.61	16.07
62	16.02	15.59
70	15.37	15.03
79	14.67	14.40
89	13.93	13.72
100	13.18	13.01
110	12.54	12.39
120	11.94	11.82
130	11.38	11.27
150	10.36	10.28
170	9.46	9.40
190	8.67	8.62
210	7.97	7.93
240	7.04	7.01
270	6.25	6.23
300	5.57	5.55
340	4.80	4.79
380	4.16	4.15
430	3.49	3.48
480	2.93	2.92
540	2.38	2.38
610	1.86	1.86
680	1.43	1.43
760	1.02	1.02
850	0.63	0.63
950	0.26	0.26
1100	-0.23	-0.23
1200	-0.52	-0.52
1300	-0.79	-0.79
1500	-1.31	-1.31
1700	-1.80	-1.80
1900	-2.27	-2.27
2100	-2.73	-2.73
2400	-3.39	-3.39
2700	-4.04	-4.04
3000	-4.65	-4.65
3400	-5.43	-5.43
3800	-6.17	-6.17
4300	-7.02	-7.02
4800	-7.82	-7.82
5400	-8.70	-8.70
6100	-9.64	-9.64
6800	-10.50	-10.50
7600	-11.39	-11.39
8500	-12.30	-12.30
9500	-13.22	-13.22
11000	-14.44	-14.44
12000	-15.17	-15.17
13000	-15.85	-15.85
15000	-17.07	-17.07
17000	-18.14	-18.14
19000	-19.09	-19.09
21000	-19.95	-19.95

Download this circuit in PDF